Imagine you have trained a complex gradient-boosted tree to predict house prices. It achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, but when it predicts […]
SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations): From Intuition to Implementation Read More »
GitHub Copilot is evolving from in-editor code completion toward a software engineering assistant capable of independent action. In Agent Mode,
How GitHub Copilot Works in Agent Mode Read More »
Imagine you are trying to teach a computer to paint. A classic autoencoder is a skilled copier: it learns an
Variational Autoencoders (VAEs): Intuition, Math, and Practical Implementation Read More »
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that acts as an open-book exam for Large Language Models (LLMs). It allows a
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): A Practical Guide Read More »
Imagine a student who has memorized an entire textbook, but only answers questions when they are phrased exactly like the
FLAN-T5: Instruction Tuning for a Stronger “Do What I Mean” Model Read More »
Imagine you are building a house. You could hire one master builder who knows everything about construction, from plumbing and
Mixture of Experts (MoE): Scaling Model Capacity Without Proportional Compute Read More »
Before LightGBM entered the scene, another algorithm reigned supreme in the world of machine learning competitions and industrial applications: XGBoost.
XGBoost: Extreme Gradient Boosting — A Complete Deep Dive Read More »
Imagine standing in an art gallery, looking at a detailed photograph of a landscape. Now imagine a thick fog slowly
Understanding Diffusion Models: How AI Generates Images from Noise Read More »
Adjusted R-squared is one of those metrics that shows up early in regression, but it often feels like a small
Adjusted R-Squared: Why, When, and How to Use It Read More »
DeepSeek V3.2 is one of the open-weight models that consistently competes with frontier proprietary systems (for example, GPT‑5‑class and Gemini
DeepSeek V3.2: Architecture, Training, and Practical Capabilities Read More »
Imagine trying to understand a person’s life story just by looking at their credit card statements. You would see transactions—purchases,
What Are Knowledge Graphs? A Comprehensive Guide to Connected Data Read More »
Imagine you are reading a mystery novel. The clue you find on page 10 is crucial for understanding the twist
ALiBi: Attention with Linear Biases Read More »
